ABSTRACT The Crop-Livestock Integration system has sustainable potential. But pests such as the defoliating caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can reduce the productivity of this system. The objective was to report transgenic maize and Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) (Poaceae) plants attacked by S. frugiperda in the Crop-Livestock Integration system. Feroz VIP3 ® transgenic maize (SYN8A98 TLTG Viptera) and B. brizantha MG-5 Xaraés plants attacked by S. frugiperda were evaluated 20 days after planting, weekly and for 28 days. The transgenic maize plants were less attacked by S. frugiperda than those of B. brizantha. The negative impact of this pest on B. brizantha suggests the planning and adopting strategies for its control, such as the use of traps, resistant cultivars, and biological or chemical products, minimizing losses in animal production and, consequently, in human food.

ABSTRACT An important concern with the use of genetically modified (GM) plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins is the deleterious effect on non–target organisms. The predatory stink bug Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is used in biological control programs and may be exposed to Bt toxins. This study evaluated the indirect effects of different Cry proteins on P. nigrispinus with the prey Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), fed on simple or pyramided Bt maize genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments: i) Isohybrid (not Bt), ii) Herculex® (transgenic maize encoding Cry1F protein) and iii) PowerCore® (pyramidal transgenic maize encoding the Cry1F, Cry1A.105, and Cry2Ab2 proteins), which were used to feed S. frugiperda for 48 h. The caterpillars were used as prey by P. nigrispinus females. We evaluated the presence of Cry proteins, consumed prey biomass (predation), oviposition period, number of postures, number of eggs, number of eggs per posture, number of nymphs, egg viability, embryonic period, female longevity and development, and survival rates of immature. The results show that different Cry proteins move through the food chain of P. nigrispinus and provide evidence that the ingestion of three different proteins does not lead to unexpected synergistic effects. However, Cry toxins promoted histopathological changes in midgut cells of P. nigrispinus.

Resumo A adaptação de espécies nativas de lepidópteros a plantios de eucalipto reduz a produtividade dessa cultura no Brasil. Oxydia vesulia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) é praga-secundária, frequentemente, relatada em plantios de eucalipto com surtos populacionais e danos econômicos. Métodos de controle biológico, dessa praga, podem incluir o uso do endoparasitoide exótico de pupas Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) relatado como eficiente para o controle de lepidópteros-pragas. O parasitismo de lagartas e pupas de O. vesulia por T. howardi foi avaliado em condições controladas (25 ± 1º C, 60 ± 20% umidade e 12h fotoperíodo). Cada lagarta ou pupa de O. vesulia foi colocada individualmente em tubos de fundo chato com 10 e 15 fêmeas de T. howardi por 48h, respectivamente e, após esse período, os parasitoides foram removidos, as lagartas alimentadas e as pupas mantidas até a emergência do parasitoide ou formação de pupas ou de adultos dessa praga. As lagartas de quarto ínstar de O. vesulia, após o período de parasitismo, foram mantidas em potes com folhas de Eucalyptus urophylla trocadas, diariamente, até o fim do experimento. Um total de 40% das lagartas de O. vesulia morreu antes da fase de pré-pupa, 40% atingiram o estágio de pupa e morreram devido à má formação ou problemas e 20% originaram mariposas, porém nenhum parasitoide adulto emergiu das lagartas. Todas as pupas de O. vesulia foram parasitadas e tiveram emergência de parasitoides. O parasitismo de lagartas e pupas de O. vesulia por T. howardi mostra o potencial desse inimigo natural para o manejo integrado desse desfolhador em cultivos de eucalipto.

Abstract The adaptation of native lepidopteran species to eucalyptus plantations reduces the productivity of this crop in Brazil. Oxydia vesulia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a secondary pest, frequently reported in eucalyptus plantations with population outbreaks and economic damages. Methods of biological control of this pest may include the use of the exotic pupae endoparasitoid Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), reported as efficient to controlling lepidopteran pests. The parasitism of O. vesulia caterpillars and pupae by T. howardi was evaluated under controlled conditions (25 ± 1 ºC, 60 ± 20% humidity and 12:12 h L:D). Each O. vesulia caterpillar or pupae was individually placed in a flat-bottom tube with 10 and 15 females of T. howardi for 48h, respectively. The parasitoids were removed after that period, the caterpillars were fed and the pupae were maintained until emergence of the parasitoid or formation of pupae and emergence of adults of this pest. The fourth-instar caterpillars of O. vesulia, after the parasitism period, were kept in pots with Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, changed daily until the end of the experiment. A total of 40% of the caterpillars died before the pre-pupae stage, 40% reached the pupae stage and died due to inadequate adult formation and 20% generated moths, but none adult parasitoid emerged from the caterpillars. All pupae of O. vesulia were parasitized and showed emergence of parasitoids. The parasitism of O. vesulia caterpillars and pupae by T. howardi shows the potential of this natural enemy for the integrated management of this defoliator pest in eucalyptus plantations.

ABSTRACT Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam (Convolvulaceae), is an essential crop for food security in developing countries. Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main pests of I. batatas in tropical and subtropical regions. It feeds on the tuberous roots of I. batatas and induces perforations tunnel-shaped with excrement. The objective of this study was to register, for the first time, the occurrence of E. postfasciatus in I. batatas in the municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individuals of E. postfasciatus were found in the larval, pupal and adult stages feeding on the roots, in the genotypes, Brasilândia Branca, Rubisol, UFVJM01, UFVJM02, UFVJM03, UFVJM04, UFVJM08, UFVJM18, UFVJM91, UFVJM291 and UFVJM526 in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). Euscepes postfasciatus injuries formed superficial and deep galleries with the presence of excrement and unpleasant odor. The record of E. postfasciatus in I. batatas in the municipality of Diamantina is important to develop local strategies for integrated pest management of the crop in the region.

ABSTRACT The study of arthropod communities foraging on monocultures of native plants (e.g. Caryocar brasiliense) in biodiversity hotspots (e.g. Brazilian Cerrado) is important to understand the processes driving their performance. This study evaluated the possible interactions between galling herbivores, free-feeding arthropods, and of their natural enemies on C. brasiliense trees, in an orchard (monoculture). The possible competition observed were: i) between galling insects with defoliators and phytophagous mites, ii) between sucking insects, iii) between phytophagous mites and, iv) between Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with Histiostoma sp. (Acari: Histiostomidae) on C. brasiliense trees. Numbers of predators and prey, parasitoids and hosts, and predators and parasitoids were directly related among them. The competitive interactions between herbivorous predator and parasitoid may reduce Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) populations, a potential pest of C. brasiliense. The predator Zelus armillatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and the parasitoids Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Ablerus magistretti (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) are important to determine the numbers of Eurytoma sp. and of its galls. These natural enemies may be important to control this galling insect on C. brasiliense trees. The arthropod competition affected their guild associated to C. brasiliense trees.

ABSTRACT. The objective was to study the habitat complexity of mite populations on Caryocar brasiliense trees under natural and cultivated field conditions. The study was performed in the municipality of Montes Claros, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over 3 years. Three types of areas were studied: 1) Cerrado, 2) pasture, and 3) a university Campus. Several chlorotic spots were detected on leaves with larger populations of Tetranychus sp. and Eutetranychus sp. (Tetranychidae). The greatest numbers of Agistemus sp. (Stigmaeidae) on leaves and Histiostoma sp. (Histiostomidae) and Proctolaelaps sp. (Ascidae) on fruits were observed in the pasture, and that of Histiostoma sp. on leaves in the pasture and on the university Campus. In general, the herbivorous mites (e.g., Tetranychus sp.) found on C. brasiliense plants were correlated with more clayey soils with a higher cationic exchange capacity; larger populations of mites (e.g., Agistemus sp. and Histiostoma sp.) were found on the C. brasiliense trees with the largest crown sizes; and associations between predator mites (e.g., Agistemus sp.) and phytophagous mites (e.g., Tetranychus sp.1) were observed. Greater habitat diversity and more complex plant architectures favored the mite populations. The positive effect of loamier soil on herbivorous mites indicates that these species are adapted to Cerrado conditions. Some recorded species of herbivorous mites can be pests in commercial plantations of C. brasiliense.

RESUMO Parte dos processos ecológicos, fisiológicos e comportamentais dos insetos está ligada à sua nutrição. O tipo de dieta pode influenciar o desenvolvimento do inimigo natural e afetar seu desempenho reprodutivo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento e reprodução de Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitando pupas de Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1785 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) criadas em diferentes dietas. Pupas de T. molitor geradas em seis diferentes dietas (farelo de trigo, fubá de milho, ração peletizada para coelhos, ração para aves poedeiras: farelada, peletizada e triturada) foram individualizadas em potes plásticos e expostas ao parasitismo por seis fêmeas de P. elaeisis durante 72 h. Foram observadas as variáveis biológicas de P. elaeisis e realizadas análises bromatológicas com pupas de T. molitor e as dietas utilizadas. A porcentagem de parasitismo e emergência de P. elaeisis foi de 100% em todos os tratamentos. Não houve diferença no ciclo de vida, número da prole e longevidade do parasitoide. Pupas de T. molitor formadas com fubá de milho foram menores e geraram prole de P. elaeisis com menor razão sexual e menor comprimento da tíbia. A dieta para T. molitor à base de fubá de milho não foi adequada para a reprodução de P. elaeisis em laboratório.

ABSTRACT The ecological, physiological and behavioral processes of insects are linked to their nutrition. The diet of host insects can modify the development of natural enemies and affect their reproductive performance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and reproduction of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing pupae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1785 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) rearing in different diets. Pupae of T. molitor generated in six different diets (wheat bran, cornmeal, pelleted feed for rabbits, and bran, pelleted or crushed feed for laying hens) were individually placed in plastic pots and exposed to parasitism by six females of P. elaeisis during 72 h. The biological variables of P. elaeisis were observed and bromatological analyses were performed with pupae of T. molitor and the diets used. The percentage of parasitism and emergency was 100% in all treatments. There was no difference in the life cycle, the offspring number and longevity of the parasitoid. Pupae of T. molitor obtained from larvae fed with cornmeal were smaller and generated P. elaeisis offspring with low sex ratio and shorter length of the tibia. The T. molitor diet based on cornmeal was not suitable for the reproduction of P. elaeisis in the laboratory.

RESUMO O uso de acaricidas é o principal método de controle de Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae) em cultivos hortícolas. Esse ácaro foi registrado causando danos em batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.). A utilização de fungos patogênicos é uma alternativa ao controle químico. O objetivo foi avaliar a patogenicidade dos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae (Meetch) Sorok. e Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. ao ácaro fitófago T. ludeni em batata-doce. Suspensões conidiais de M. anisopliae e B. bassiana, nas concentrações de 106 e 107 con.mL-1, foram aplicadas sobre folhas de batata-doce. Após 24 horas, cinco fêmeas recém-emergidas foram liberadas sobre as folhas. O bioensaio foi inteiramente randomizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 (duas espécies de fungos e duas concentrações) e controle (água destilada), com 10 replicações por tratamento. A avaliação consistiu na observação de três parâmetros biológicos do ácaro: mortalidade, oviposição e repelência, após 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de contato com os fungos. Os isolados de M. anisopliae causam altas taxas de mortalidade de T. ludeni em laboratório. Beauveria bassiana tem potencial para suprimir futuras gerações do ácaro, reduzindo a taxa de oviposição. Comportamento de repelência nos ácaros não foi observado.

ABSTRACT The use of acaricides is the main control method for Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae) in horticultural crops. This mite has been recorded causing damage to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). The use of pathogenic fungi is an alternative to chemical control. The objective was to evaluate the pathogenicity of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Meetch) Sorok, and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. to phytophagous mite T. ludeni in sweet potato plants. Conidial suspensions of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, at concentrations of 106 and 107 con.mL-1 were applied to sweet potato leaves. After 24 hours, five females of T. ludeni newly emerged were released on the leaves. The bioassay was arranged in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2 × 2 (two species of fungi and two concentrations) plus the control (distilled water), with 10 repetitions per treatment. The evaluation consisted of observing of three biological parameters of the mite: mortality, oviposition, and repellency, after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of contact with the fungi. The isolates of M. anisopliae cause high mortality rates of T. ludeni in laboratory. Beauveria bassiana has the potential to suppress future generations of mite, reducing its oviposition rate. Repellency behavior was not observed.

RESUMO: A incidência de lepidópteros desfolhadores é um dos fatores ambientais que regulam a produtividade das florestas plantadas. O endoparasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) destaca-se pela eficiência no parasitismo e pode ser promissor no controle de Lepidoptera pragas em diversas culturas com importância econômica. Assim, avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento e a reprodução de P. elaeisis em pupas de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) com idades distintas submetidas a diferentes densidades do parasitoide. Pupas de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas foram expostas às densidades de 1:1, 4:1, 10:1, 19:1, 31:1 e 46:1 parasitoides/hospedeiro. Os parasitoides permaneceram em contato com as pupas por 72 horas em potes plásticos de 500 mL, acondicionados em sala climatizada com temperatura 25 ± 2°C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10°C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. A densidade 10:1 apresentou resultados adequados de parasitismo. Pupas de 24 e 48 horas de idade apresentaram maior porcentagem de emergência. O ciclo de vida, o número de indivíduos emergidos, a razão sexual, a longevidade das fêmeas e o comprimento da cápsula cefálica e da tíbia de P. elaeisis não foram afetados pelas densidades do parasitoide nem pela idade do hospedeiro.

ABSTRACT: The incidence of lepidopteran defoliants is one of the environmental factors that regulate the productivity of cultivated forests. The parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has significant importance for its efficiency in the parasitism of pupae of these Lepidoptera. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development and reproduction of P. elaeisis in different densities of pupae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different ages. Pupae of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were exposed at densities of 1:1, 4:1, 10:1, 19:1, 31:1 and 46:1 parasitoids/host, respectively. The parasitoids remained in contact with the pupae for 72 hours in 500 mL plastic pots, conditioned in an air-conditioned room, with temperature of 25 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours. It was concluded that the density of 10:1 presented great results of parasitism, and further increase of density was not needed. Pupae of 24 and 48 hours had a higher percentage of emergence. Biological variables were affected neither by parasitoid densities nor by host age.

RESUMO: O entomopatógeno Bacillus thuringiensis é amplamente empregado no controle de pragas, porém estudos de seu efeito sobre organismos não alvo ainda são incipientes. Com isso, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar se larvas de Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), tratadas com Bacillus thuringiensis, podem afetar as variáveis biológicas de Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) e Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), importantes inimigos naturais de lagartas desfolhadoras na cultura do eucalipto. Larvas de T. molitor foram alimentadas com farelo de trigo contendo diferentes concentrações de Bacillus thuringiensis (0,00; 0,25; 0,50; 1,00; 2,00 e 4,00 g de Agree®/kg farelo). Quando as larvas atingiram em média 2 cm de comprimento, foram usadas como presa para P. nigrispinus (bioensaio I) e as pupas como hospedeiro para P. elaeisis (bioensaio II). As variáveis biológicas período de oviposição e número de ovos por postura do predador P. nigrispinus foram alteradas. Já as variáveis biológicas de P. elaeisis não foram modificadas, sendo possível o uso conjunto desses métodos de controle no manejo integrado de pragas.

ABSTRACT: The entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used as one of the ingredients in pest control formulations, but researches conducted on its effect on non-target organisms are still in the nascent stage. This investigation aimed to uncover if Bt treated with Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and pupae could affect the biological variables of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), all of which established natural enemies of leaf defoliator caterpillars in the eucalyptus culture. Larvae of T. molitor were fed on wheat bran containing different concentrations of B. thuringiensis (0.00; 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 2.00 and 4.00 g Agree/kg bran). When the larvae attained size of about 2 cm, they were used as prey for P. nigrispinus (Bioassay I), and their pupae used as hosts for P. elaeisis (Bioassay II). Only the biological variables oviposition period and egg numbers by posture of the predator P. nigrispinus were altered. The biological variables of P. elaeisis were not altered, since it was possible to use these control methods within the integrated pest management.

RESUMO: Batata-doce [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] apresenta grande versatilidade de usos no Brasil. Com a ampliação das áreas de cultivo, essa espécie estará sujeita à contaminação por herbicidas. Eventualmente, organismos não alvos podem ser expostos aos resíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar aspectos biológicos do ácaro Tetranychus ludeni alimentado com folhas de batata-doce pulverizadas com diferentes doses do herbicida 2,4-D. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Controle Biológico da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Foram utilizadas 175 fêmeas de T. ludeni e 6 doses de 2,4-D, em g.ha-1 (8,06; 20,15; 40,30; 80,60; 201,50; e 806,00), mais o tratamento-controle com água destilada. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições, contendo cinco fêmeas de T. ludeni em cada repetição. Foram avaliados a mortalidade inicial do ácaro em 24 h, o número de ovos, as ninfas e a longevidade das fêmeas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias significativas analisadas pelo teste de Duncan. Observou-se que doses maiores desse herbicida podem aumentar a mortalidade e reduzir a longevidade das fêmeas de T. ludeni.

ABSTRACT: Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] presents great versatility of uses in Brazil. With the expansion of crop areas, this species is subject to contamination by herbicides. Eventually, non-target organisms can be exposed to residues . The aim of this study was to evaluate biological aspects of the mite Tetranychus ludeni fed on sweet potato leaves sprayed with different doses of the herbicide 2,4-D. The experiment was conducted at the Biological Control Laboratory of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Altogether, 175 females of T. ludeni and six doses of 2,4-D, in g.ha-1 (8.06, 20.15, 40.30, 80.60, 201.50, and 806,00) were used, plus the control done with distilled water. It was adopted a completely randomized design with seven treatments and five replications with five females each. Early mortality of T. ludeni (24 h), the number of eggs, nymphs and longevity of females were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, being the significant mean analyzed by Duncan test. It was observed that high doses of the herbicide may increase the mortality and decrease longevity of females of T. ludeni.

RESUMO Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) são percevejos predadores utilizados como agentes de controle biológico de lagartas desfolhadoras em florestas de eucalipto. Criações massais de inimigos naturais produzem grande número de insetos, mas o número de predadores produzidos pode não coincidir com a época de surtos populacionais de pragas no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de armazenamento em ovos de P. nigrispinus em baixas temperaturas (5 ºC, 13 ºC e 15 ºC). Os tratamentos consistiram dos períodos de armazenamento (cinco, 10, 15 e 20 dias) dos ovos do predador nas temperaturas indicadas. Após os períodos de armazenagem, os ovos foram retirados e avaliados os parâmetros: viabilidade dos ovos, sobrevivência e duração do estádio ninfal e razão sexual dos adultos emergidos. Os períodos de armazenamento de ovos a 5ºC reduziram a porcentagem de ninfas eclodidas inviabilizando a maioria dos ovos. Enquanto valores de viabilidade próximos a 50% foram observados para os períodos de armazenamento de até 10 dias para 13 ºC e 15 dias armazenados a 15 ºC, com taxas de sobrevivência de ninfas, similares às do controle. Não houve efeito na duração do estágio ninfal e na razão sexual de P. nigrispinus nos tratamentos em cada uma das temperaturas. Portanto, conclui-se que a temperatura de armazenamento de 5 ºC é altamente prejudicial e inviabilizou a maioria dos embriões, enquanto a 13 ºC e 15 ºC é possível armazenar ovos de P. nigrispinus por até 10 e 15 dias, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT Podisus nigrispinus are bedbug predators that are used as biological control agents of defoliating larvae in eucalypt plantations. The mass rearing of natural enemies produces large numbers of insects, but the number of predators produced may not coincide with the timing of the outbreaks of pest populations in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different storage periods on the eggs of P. nigrispinus at low temperatures of 5, 13 and 15ºC. The treatments consisted of periods of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of storage of predator eggs at each temperature indicated. After the different periods of storage, the eggs were removed, and the egg viability, the survival and duration of nymphal instars and the sex ratio of emerged adults were evaluated. Egg storage at 5ºC reduced the percentage of hatched eggs, while viability values close to 50% were observed for storage periods of up to 10 days at 13ºC and up to 15 days at 15ºC. For these treatments, the survival rates of nymphs were similar to those of the control. The different storage periods had no effect on the duration of the nymphal stage or the sex ratio of P. nigrispinus at any of the temperatures. Therefore, the storage temperature of 5ºC caused the death of the majority of the embryos, while it is possible to store P. nigrispinus eggs up to 10 and 15 days at 13 and 15ºC, respectively.

RESUMO: Insetos considerados pragas são fatores limitantes à expansão da eucaliptocultura no Brasil. Os pulgões da espécie Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) podem ser pragas-chave em diversas culturas, pois afetam negativamente o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência das plantas. Este trabalho relata o primeiro registro de ocorrência de M. persicae em mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla conduzidas em casa de vegetação no município de Diamantina, MG, Brasil. Essa constatação sugere a implantação de um programa de manejo integrado para tal afídeo, a fim de evitar que ele se torne praga para a cultura do eucalipto.

ABSTRACT: Insect pests are limiting factors to the expansion of Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Brazil. Aphids of the species Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are a key pests in different crops and may negatively affect the growth, development and survival of plants. This paper reports the first record of M. persicae in seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla grown in a greenhouse in Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This finding suggests the implementation of an integrated management program for this aphid, in order to prevent it from becoming a pest in Eucalyptus .

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do parasitismo e a biologia da prole do parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare e La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em pupas de Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) quando criadas em plantas de Psidium guajava ou Eucalyptus cloeziana. Ovos de T. arnobia foram coletados e colocados em sacos de tecido tipo organza envolvendo galhos de plantas de P. guajava (T1) e E. cloeziana (T2) até as lagartas alcançarem a fase de pupa. Trinta pupas de cada tratamento foram individualizadas em tubos de vidro e expostas ao parasitismo por quatro fêmeas de P. elaeisis por 24 h. Avaliaram-se a emergência da progênie do parasitoide por pupa; a porcentagem de parasitismo, pupas mortas e de adultos de T. arnobia emergidos; a duração do ciclo de vida (ovo-adulto);a longevidade; a razão sexual; e o tamanho da cápsula cefálica e do corpo do parasitoide. A porcentagem de parasitismo, a emergência de P. elaeisis por pupa, a longevidade das fêmeas e o tamanho da cápsula cefálica e do corpo dos machos do parasitoide foram menores quando seu hospedeiro foi criado em plantas de eucalipto. Isso pode ter ocorrido devido à grande quantidade de compostos do metabolismo secundário presentes nesta planta, que podem ser acumulados no corpo do herbívoro ao se alimentar, afetando negativamente o inimigo natural. Palmistichus elaeisis mostrou-se mais adaptado à mirtácea nativa da América P. guajava.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of parasitism and biology of the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvaree and La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) progeny in pupae of Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) when reared on plants of Psidium guajavaor Eucalyptus cloeziana. Eggs of T. arnobia were collected and placed in organza bags involving branches of plants of P. guajava (T1) and E. cloeziana (T2) until the larvae reach the pupal stage. Thirty pupae from each treatment were placed in glass tubes and exposed to parasitism by four females of P. elaeisis for 24 hours. It was evaluated: the emergence of the parasitoid progeny per pupa, the percentage of parasitism, dead pupae and adults of T. arnobiaemerged, the duration of the life cycle (egg to adult), longevity, sex ratio, the size of the cephalic capsule and body of the parasitoid. The percentage of parasitism, emergence of P. elaeisis per pupa, the female longevity, the size of the cephalic capsule and body of the parasitoid males were smaller when its host was created in eucalyptus plants. This may have occurred due to the large number of secondary metabolic compounds present in this plant, which can be accumulated in the body of the herbivore, negatively affecting the natural enemy. Palmistichus elaeisis was more adapted to Myrtaceae native of America P. guajava.

A mandioca é a sexta cultura mais importante no mundo, sendo atacada por diversas pragas, incluindo Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Este lepidóptero apresenta inimigos naturais que podem controlar de forma eficiente sua população, destacando os parasitoides oófagos Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar Trichogramma pretiosum, T. marandobai e T. demoraesi quanto à sua capacidade de parasitismo, emergência e voo, visando selecionar a espécie mais eficiente para programas de controle biológico. Os parâmetros biológicos foram avaliados em unidades teste, consistindo de um cilindro de PVC com um circulo de plástico rígido e transparente no topo e um disco de poliestireno vedando a parte inferior. Um tubo de ensaio contendo 300 ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) parasitados por Trichogramma foi colocado no interior da unidade. Trichogramma pretiosum apresentou maior capacidade de voo (68 ± 5%) e porcentagens de parasitismo (74 ± 2%) e emergência de adultos (91 ± 3%) em laboratório, sendo indicado para criação e liberação em programas de controle biológico.

Cassava is the sixth most important crop in the world, and it is attacked by many pests, such as Erinnyis ello (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). This lepidopteran pest has natural enemies that can efficiently control its population, such as Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The objective of this research was to assess the flight capacity, parasitism and emergence of Trichogramma pretiosum, T. marandobai and T. demoraesi and to select the most efficient species among them for biological control programs. The flight capacity of these species was assessed in test units consisting of a plastic PVC cylinder with a rigid, transparent plastic circle on the upper portion of the cylinder and an extruded polystyrene disk to close the bottom of the cylinder. A tube was placed in each test unit containing a card with 300 Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs that had been parasitised by Trichogramma. These cards were later assessed to determine the parasitism rate and adult emergence of these natural enemies. Trichogramma pretiosum presented the highest flight capacity (68 ± 5%), parasitism (74 ± 2%) and percentage of adults emerged (91 ± 3%) in the laboratory, making this species suitable for mass rearing and release in biological control programs.